Chemistry

Summer Work A level Chemistry

1)  a)  What is the difference between an element and a compound?                                         (2)

         

     b)  All substances are made up of three types of particle: atoms, molecules or ions.  Explain what atoms, molecules and ions are.                                                                                                      (3)

         

     c)  Identify each of the following particles as an atom, molecule or ion.                                   

            

                   NH₃        O^2-      SO₄^2-       F₂        O        O₂        NO₃^-       H₂O       Cl        H⁺         (10)

 

2)      Write the formula of the following substances.  Some are ionic, some are atomic and some are molecular.

         

     a)  lithium oxide                                              e)  ammonia

         

     b)  calcium nitrate                                           f)  nitrogen

         

     c)  methane                                                    g)  argon

         

     d)  ammonium sulphate                                 h)  iron (III) hydroxide                                        (8)

 

3)      Balance the following equations.

         

     a)  Fe  +  H₂O  ®  Fe₃O₄  +  H₂                                                                                                (1)

         

     b)  PCl₃  +  H₂O  ®  P(OH)₃  +  HCl                                                                                        (1)

         

     c)  ammonia  +  oxygen  ®  nitrogen  +  water                                                                       (2)

         

     d)  ethane  +  oxygen  ®  carbon dioxide  +  water                                                                 (2)

 

4)      Complete the following calculations, giving your answers to three significant figures.

 

     a)  32420 + 762891  b)  12000 ÷ 1000           c)  0.06438 + 0004378  d)  180 ÷ 90                 (4)

 

5)      The following results are accurately measured values from experiments.  Complete the sum and give the answer to the most number of significant figures that you think gives an answer that is trustworthy.

 

     a)  1.4567 + 2.3        b)  10.5 - 0.145              c)  3.000 - 0.056           

     d)  8693.457 + 1.2367                                                                                                                        (4)

 

 

 

6)      Rearrange the following equations to give the letter shown as the subject.

 

      a)   What does c equal if       q = mcT ?                          d)   What does n equal if       PV = nRT ?

     

      b)   What does T equal if       G = H - TS                         e)   What does c equal if        2a = 3(b – 2c)

 

      c)   What does q equal if       E = 3pq                              f)    What does T equal if       F = mc + Rk                           (6)

                                                                2r                                                                                                   T

 

Challenge for the week

 

 

7)      Balance the following equations.

 

     a)  KMnO₄  +  HCl  ®  KCl  +  MnCl₂  +  Cl₂  +  H₂O                                                               (2)

 

     b)  As₄O₆  +  S₂Cl₂  +  Cl₂  ®  AsCl₂  +  SO₂                                                                           (2)

 

 

Total - 47                     

 

1)      Write the formula of the following substances. 

            

     a)  strontium hydroxide                                  f)  scandium (III) chloride

            

     b)  lithium iodide                                             g)  nitrogen

            

     c)  sulphur                                                      h)  ammonium carbonate

            

     d)  potassium oxide                                        i)   phosphorus

            

     e)  silicon                                                        j)   potassium                                                   (10)

 

2)      Balance the following equations.

            

     a)  methane  +  oxygen  ®  carbon monoxide  +  water                                                         (2)

            

     b)  sodium hydrogencarbonate  +  nitric acid  ®  sodium nitrate  +  carbon dioxide  +  water (2)

            

     c)  ammonia  +  sulphuric acid  ®  ammonium sulphate                                                        (2)

            

     d)  phosphorus  +  oxygen  ®  phosphorus (V) oxide                                                             (2)

 

3)      Convert the following to ionic equations:

            

     a)  silver (I) nitrate (aq)  +  potassium iodide (aq)  ®  silver (I) iodide (s)  +  potassium nitrate (aq)     (2)

            

     b)  sodium carbonate (aq)  +  hydrochloric acid (aq) 

                                                                            ®  sodium chloride (aq)  +  water (l)  +  carbon dioxide (g) (2)

            

     c)  potassium hydroxide (aq)  +  sulphuric acid (aq) ®  potassium sulphate (aq)  +   water (l) (2)

            

     d)  sodium hydrogencarbonate (aq)  +  hydrochloric acid (aq)

                                                                            ®  sodium chloride (aq)  +  water (l)  +  carbon dioxide (g) (2)

 

4)   a)   The mass of one mole of ²³Na atoms is 22.9898 g.  Given that the Avogadro constant equals 6.0225 x 10²³ and the mass of one electron equals 9.1091 x 10^-28 g, calculate the mass of one mole of ²³Na⁺ ions.                                                                                (2)

                                     

      b)   i)    Calculate the mass of one mole of ¹H atoms given that the Avogadro constant equals 6.0225 x
      10²³, the mass of one electron equals 9.1091 x 10^-28 g and the mass of one proton equals 1.6725 x
      10^-24 g.

 

             ii)   The relative atomic mass of hydrogen equals 1.0079.  Explain the difference between this value
      and your answer to (i).                                                                                                                                                   (3)

 

5)      Complete the following calculations, giving your answers to three significant figures.

 

     a)  87340 + 128713       b)  2400 ÷ 100          c)  0.0125 + 0.00762     d)  23.45 + 0.173         (4)

 

6)      The following results are accurately measured values from experiments.  Complete the sum and give the answer to the most number of significant figures that you think gives an answer that is trustworthy.

 

     a)  10.175 + 0.1             b)  278.0 – 0.16        c)  3270 – 71.4              d)  35.36781 + 0.123   (4)

 

7)      Rearrange the following equations to give the letter shown as the subject.

            

     a)  What does b equal if                                     T = 2ab/c                  c)  What does T equal if PV = nRT

            

     b)  What does c equal if                                      E = mc²                    d)  What does p equal if B = A(2r – p)  (4)

 

 

Challenge for the week

8)  a)  Calculate the expected mass of one mole of ³¹P atoms given that the Avogadro constant equals 6.0225 x 10²³, the mass of one electron equals 9.1091 x 10^-28 g, the mass of one proton equals 1.6725 x 10^-24 g and the mass of one neutron equals 1.6748 x 10^-24 g.                            (3)

     b)  The actual mass of one mole of ³¹P atoms is 30.9738 g.  Try to account for the difference between this value and your answer to (a).                                                                                      (2)